Published on March 1, 2006 By stutefish In War on Terror
By all means, let us remember the Crusades.

Where shall we begin our rememberance?

How about with the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem, a city holy to the Christian and Jewish faiths?

And now let us pause for a minute to contemplate the outcry that would rise up, if Christians or Jews were to conquer Mecca, a Muslim holy city. The world would never hear the end of it. Violent asshats and useful idiots everywhere would perpetrate and justify all kinds of atrocities because of it.

But the Crusades didn't actually start over the Muslim conquest of Jerusalem.

How about we begin by remembering the letter written by the ruler of Constantinople, a predominantly Christian city and a center of arts, science and culture in the region? The letter I'm referring to was written after Muslim armies besieged the city. The ruler of Constantinople wrote to his spiritual brother, the Pope, pleading for him to raise an army of fellow Christians in Europe, who would relieve his city and aid in its defense.

And now let us pause to reflect that the first Crusade, launched in response to this letter, was an act of defense against Muslim aggression.

Of course, we must also pause to reflect that, to their shame, these first Crusaders got sidetracked along the way, and spent more time looting and pillaging their own countrymen--and persecuting Jews--than they did actually defending Constantinople.

But then we must remember the rest of the history of the Crusades:

Over several hundred years, Crusaders managed to invade, conquer, and rule small scraps of the "holy land" for brief periods of time. They even managed to install a Christian, European king in Jerusalem for a few years, before the Muslims drove them out for good.

In the end, none of the Crusades were particularly successful, and after a couple centuries and many attempts, the European Christians gave up.

There are some valuable lessons that can be learned from this rememberance, and from further study of the Crusades:

First, as I have already pointed out, the Crusades were acts of defense against aggression: Both specific acts of aggression like the Muslim siege of Constantinople, and general acts of religious oppression such as the Muslim investment of the Judeo-Christian holy city of Jerusalem. I, for one, do not begrudge the European Christians their desire to recover their holy city, any more than I begrudge middle-eastern Muslims their proprietary attitude towards Mecca. But, like the Crusaders of old, I do begrudge them their proprietary attitude towards Jerusalem (though obviously I'm not advocating Yet Another Crusade to solve that particular problem).

Second, the Crusades were a failure. The Crusaders lost. They lost because of lack of focus, lack of commitment, internal power struggles, and a number of other reasons--including Muslim military prowess. Far from being a humiliating defeat for the forces of Islam, the Crusades were a great and glorious triumph for the servants of Allah. Arguably, it was their last such victory.

Third, the people of Europe began to prosper, as the Crusades faltered and failed. The Europeans turned to other pursuits. Thanks in part to the diligent work of Christian monks during the Dark Ages, who preserved vast treasuries of knowledge and philosophy, the Europeans were able to build on the foundations of classical civilization--the same civilization that the Arab and Muslim cultures had played a part in creating. This new effort by the Europeans resulted in the Enlightenment: New forms of art and architecture, the scientific method, the differential calculus, and all the good things that have come of these European developments.

Fourth, that while the Crusades were not shining examples of human kindness and justice, they are hundreds of years in the past. Since then, every civilizational advance that today's affluent, educated, middle-class disgruntled jihadi enjoys was produced by European civilization. For this reason I suspect that the real reason the Muslim world cites the Crusades as an example of European injustice is not because it was unjust for the Christians to want to fight for their holy city (which is not actually an unjust sentiment), nor because it was unjust for the Christians to lose that battle (since it's not actually unjust to have your ass handed to you in a war you signed up for in the first place), but because Muslims can't shake the feeling that it's somehow unfair that after winning the Crusades and controlling their enemies' holy city, Arab and Muslim civilization has still failed the test of time. It just doesn't seem fair, does it, that Arab culture hasn't contributed anything much to civilization since they introduced the concept of zero.

In summary: the Crusades were a defensive response to Muslim aggression. The Christians lost. The Muslim world hasn't had a significant victory, nor made a significant contribution to civilization, since.

By all means, let us remember that


Comments
on Mar 01, 2006
If we are asked to remember the European Crusades to Palestine, then by all means we should also remember the unprovoked Islamic jihads into nations to their East. They easily killed as many 'infidels' of Eastern religions as Europeans killed Muslims, and for no more reason.

The real point is that the behavior in the Crusades was an aberation, an abuse of Christian principles. Whether killing infidels wholesale is an abuse of Islam is for Muslims to decide. The fact that they were undertaking acts as hateful and violent both before and after the European Crusades doesn't speak well of their outrage.
on Mar 02, 2006

In summary: the Crusades were a defensive response to Muslim aggression. The Christians lost. The Muslim world hasn't had a significant victory, nor made a significant contribution to civilization, since.

You make the muslims sound like the French. Oh, Wait, the French are now Muslims!

on Mar 02, 2006
Time will not permit me to properly respond to your less than objective essay, for brevity's sake I'll agree with your conclusion, yet disagree with your supporting evidence.

As to the Middle East contributions to civilization, it is well documented that they preserved Greek and Latin teachings, expanded chemistry, mathmatics, astronomy, medicine, and fostered the age of enlightenment in Europe.

When the Middle East was invaded by the Monguls in the 13th century, the Caliphate relocated to Spain, and remained there until late in the 15th century, thereby spreading their accumulated knowledge and inspiring the "Age of Enlightenment".

Muslims can lay thier inferiority at the door of the Ottoman Empire. This Empire was defeated enternally, through coruption and their constant state of Holy War with then Christian Russia and Eastern Europe.
The Muslim world came to its final defeat after WWI, as the Ottoman Empire was disolved by the treaty of Sevres. This division of "Spoils" led to European control and colonization.

I highly reccomend, for objective study, any material written by Arthur Goldschmidt, jr., in particular "A concise history of the Middle East".
John Esposito, director of the Georgetown Univ. Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, is good for historical references, however he takes a rather pro-Islam bias in his writings. ( "Islam; The Straight Path")

I, like you, had a contemptual attitude toward Middle Eastern history until I began a study in earnest. I have concluded that they made a great contribution in early civilization, and once Islam experiences a refformation comparable to Christianity, they will again provide a positive impact on the world.
on Mar 02, 2006
the Crusades were a defensive response to Muslim aggression. The Christians lost. The Muslim world hasn't had a significant victory, nor made a significant contribution to civilization, since


The Crusades were also a bloody land grab by disenfranchised younger sons, but I suppose that's not important to your argument. Nor was the sacking of Christian Constantinople by one of the Crusades. Nor was the way in which the Crusaders took Jerusalem and slaughtered most of its inhabitants. Compared to Saladin's benevolent rule I doubt many who lived in the Middle East would have preferred the Crusaders in control.

The last of the great Turkish victories could probably be found in their successful push into Eastern Europe, which ended at the gates to Venice before eventually being turned back.

But, like the Crusaders of old, I do begrudge them their proprietary attitude towards Jerusalem


Why? Like Christianity and Judaism, Islam is an Abrahamic faith. Most sites holy to the Christians or Jews have a special place in the Muslim heart as well. The Dome of the Rock, built on the place where Muhammad allegedly ascended, occupies the same spot where the Temple of Solomon was destroyed by the Romans. The problems in Jerusalem can't simply be ascribed to Islam's greed. It's holy to them as well.
on Mar 02, 2006
What I don't get, in the whole "moral equivalent" thing going on here... If we have to go back 1,000 or more years to find the "equivalence" what is the point?

I can think of a lot of terrible things that happened centuries ago, does that mean I get to judge people for it today?
on Mar 02, 2006
hey as a turkish jew am I supposed to hate myself? or just declare jihad against me?
on Mar 02, 2006
What I don't get, in the whole "moral equivalent" thing going on here... If we have to go back 1,000 or more years to find the "equivalence" what is the point?


Well there is no point. But that doesn't mean we should say the past was something it was not, or misrepresent it entirely like stutefish did.
on Mar 02, 2006
No significant amounts of Arabian land were grabbed, or held, during the Crusades.

The vast wealth of the Templars, for example, came from European real estate and other holdings--donated to the cause by wealthy European lords, in order to fund their expeditions. The expeditions themselves were neither profitable nor successful in the long run.

In the long run, far more European real estate was donated to fund the Crusades than was ever gained in Outremer.

So how do all these wealthy European landowners, who gave up their riches in order to join the Crusades, fit into Cactoblasta's view of things?

I don't know.
on Mar 02, 2006
Much of the Templars wealth came from their monopoly on things like the amber trade, the best amber coming from Eastern Europe, not the Middle East. They made a lot of money off their actions there, but believe it or not it didn't come so much from what they stole from the people in the Middle East.
on Mar 02, 2006
So how do all these wealthy European landowners, who gave up their riches in order to join the Crusades, fit into Cactoblasta's view of things?


They don't, and on the whole they didn't. There was a crisis in western Europe in the early 11th century which basically arose from the problems of inheritance. With most aristocratic families having more than a single son it became problematic to determine what to do with the remaining disenfranchised children. And so in general these sons were enrolled into the military, in the hope they would capture some territory of their own. It has been argued in a number of scholarly accounts that the problems of incessant warfare between baronies caused by this situation was the major cause for crusade support.

The excessive sons could be sent off to the Middle East to find their fortune, and the devastated feudal lands could recover in their absence. The Holy Lands, being virgin lands not held by any Church-sponsored ruler, were ripe for the pickings; no one would get excommunicated for taking them. So with dreams of carving their own empire in the east a great many problematic sons went on Crusade.

That many were not involved for religious reasons, or indeed to protect the inhabitants of the region, is borne out by their treatment of the natives. A defender or holy man doesn't sack the city they were sent to save.

In the long run, far more European real estate was donated to fund the Crusades than was ever gained in Outremer.


Donated? Not really. The little that went to the Church merely increased its own temporal power, and was possibly the ambition of a number of regional bishops in sponsoring the crusades. Most land though stayed in the hands of its traditional owners, with the spares being used to keep the bloodline going.

I'm not denying the high cost of the Crusades. But that doesn't mean it was a selfless act. Many went to gain some measure of personal wealth, and the trade contacts developed by European crusaders did enable new markets to be opened up which made a great deal of money for their patrons. It was not a real ideological war like we have nowadays, and it's foolish to think of it in that manner.
on Mar 02, 2006
It was in no way a selfless act. Even when the religious leader who organized it was sincere, those who suggested it, those who supported the decision, and those who did the fighting were almost always motivated by personal gain.

Think of it like the great explorers of later years. Sure, they were interested in increasing the knowledge about the world, and sure, they were always looking for some passage or some mythical thing or other. What got the job done, lured the crew into service, and got the royalty to support them was greed and power.

I'm a big fan of Machiavelli. I tend to think that when you do something for a 'holy' reason, you are STILL doing it for selfish reasons, because you are feeling better about yourself, saving your soul, etc... even if you don't realize you are. Values are funny things, and we often use them to fool ourselves without knowing it. Like people who claim to care about Palestinians and live off the proceeds and relish the power their terrorist organization gives them.

Again, I don't think enough can be said about the "crusades" undertaken by Muslims, either. They have NO room to talk, just ask folks who lived to their East. They were murdering people and taking land out of religious zeal before, during, and after the Crusades.